selene greek mythologyselene greek mythology

While Selenes best known consort may have been Endymion and the mythic romance between the moon goddess and the mortal has been documented in many places, he was not the only person that she was involved with. I am the owner and chief researcher at this site. Although Zeus had taken many mortal lovers, the goddess of the moon had been abandoning her duties and could cause chaos if she continued. How old is the United States of America? Seln) was also the ancient Greek word meaning moon. The etymology is uncertain, but it appears to be related to the Greek word (slas, light) and the Proto-Indo-European word *l(o)uksneh- (moon), from which we also derive the Latin word for moon, luna. 80; Acusilaus, FHG 1 frag. All Rights Reserved. [118], Selene is commonly depicted with a crescent moon, often accompanied by stars; sometimes, instead of a crescent, a lunar disc is used. She was the personification of the moon, but was also associated with lunar elements such as tides, months, and even lunacy. This irritated Endymion, and enraged Selene, who transforms the girl into a fly (Ancient Greek: , romanized:mua). Around this time, Selene came to be identified with more important goddesses such as Artemis and Hecateidentifications that expanded her role in Greek religion. Surviving descriptions of Selene's physical appearance and character, apart from those which would apply to the moon itself, are scant. [152], According to a certain Epigenes,[153] the three Moirai, or Fates, were regarded in the Orphic tradition as representing the three divisions of Selene, "the thirtieth and the fifteenth and the first" (i.e. According to Hesiods Theogony, her parents were the Titans Hyperion and Theia; her brother was Helios, the sun god (sometimes called her father); her sister was Eos (Dawn). Selene, one of the younger generation of Titans, was also the Greek goddess of the moon. While we often think little of the moon today, in the ancient Greek world the moons cyclical movement through the sky played a central role in their concept of time. "[2][150][151], The ancient Greeks called Monday "day of the Moon" ( ) after her. Selene goddess of the moon, Athenian red-figure kylix C5th B.C., Antikensammlung Berlin. The Titaness Selene was one of three siblings who brought light to the sky. Zeus put Endymion into an eternal sleep so the goddess could see him forever as a beautiful young man. [144] And, according to a scholium on Theocritus, Pindar wrote that lovesick women would pray to Selene for help, as Euripides apparently had Phaedra, Selene's great-niece, do in his lost play Hippolytus Veiled. 3. Seneca, Madness of Hercules 83; Hyginus, Fabulae 30; Aelian, On Animals 12.7 (citing Epimenides); etc. The myth of Selene, the moon goddess, is no exception. Instead, Zeus collected all the herbs for himself. Eventually, she became identified with Artemis, goddess of the wilderness, who was sometimes associated with the moon. What Were the Hamadryads in Greek Mythology? Ceto - Goddess of the Water. She drives her moon chariot across the heavens. She is dressed in the finest silk robes and travels in her silver moon chariot drawn by luminous steeds across the heavens. Indeed, it reflects the fascinating way the Greeks observed the . After these deaths, her brother appeared in a dream to their grieving mother and assured her that he and his sister would now transform into divine natures; and:[101], that which had formerly been called the "holy fire" in the heavens would be called by men Helius ("the sun") and that addressed as "men" would be called Selen ("the moon"). She was depicted as a woman riding sidesaddle on a horse or driving a chariot drawn by a pair of winged steeds. The sky was dark at night and the sun more lethargic than usual. Were building the worlds most authoritative, online mythology resource, with engaging, accessible content that is both educational and compelling to read. This is a relatively late text. Selene was not the only lunar goddess of the Greeks. [123], Moon figures are found on Cretan rings and gems (perhaps indicating a Minoan moon cult), but apart from the role played by the moon itself in magic, folklore, and poetry, and despite the later worship of the Phrygian moon-god Men, there was relatively little worship of Selene. The Theoi Project galleries contain more than 1,200 images of ancient Greek and Roman art. Selenes siblings and Selene herself carried on their fathers legacy by shining light from the heavens upon the earth. Like most of the Titans, Selene was rarely worshipped in the ancient world. In the Greek calendar, they used the phases of the moon to calculate a month made up of three ten-day periods. Her grandparents are Gaia, (Mother Earth) and Uranus (Father Sky). She began to do this every night, leaving her chariot behind and making the sky dark with her absence. While the Maenids of Dionysus were driven mad by the frenzy of their worship, however, the madness brought about by Selene could be used as a targeted punishment. [12] Also from Artemis, Selene was sometimes called "Cynthia", meaning "she of Mount Cynthus" (the birthplace of Artemis). Francoise Gury, Selene/Luna, in Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae (Zurich: Artemis, 1994), 7:70615. Zeus slept with the human queen Alcmene, of which encounter Heracles was born. Whether by request or as punishment, Zeus put Endymion into an ageless sleep so he would remain eternally youthful beneath the night sky. I have been in love with all things related to Mythology. Both of these Goddesses are also associated with Hecate. The ancient Greeks believed that a lunar eclipse was the work of a witch, particularly the witches of Thessaly. [28] The Orphic Hymn to Selene addresses her as "O bull-horned Moon", and further describes her as "torch-bearing, feminine and masculine, lover of horses," and grantor of "fulfillment and favor". [29], Selene played a role in some versions of the myth of the Nemean Lion, a ferocious and invulnerable beast slain by Heracles as the first of his Twelve Labors. In this aspect she was closely associated with Dionysus. Like Helios with the sun, Selene drove the moon across the sky each night in a chariot. While her husbands team of horses usually consisted of four animals, Selenes chariot, like her light, was less powerful. Selene is the daughter of Titans Hyperion and Theia. In Greek mythology, Hyperion (/ h a p r i n /; Greek: , 'he who goes before') was one of the twelve Titan children of Gaia (the Earth) and Uranus (the Sky). Gaia, the primordial Titan goddess and grandmother to the Olympian gods and goddesses, was enraged when her children were defeated in the Titanomachy and imprisoned in Tartarus. It was devoted to Selene, under the name Pasiphae, and to Helios. The first depictions of Selenes moon chariot goes back to the early 5th century BCE. Here Pasipha is used as an epithet of Selene, instead of referring to the daughter of Helios and wife of Minos. Hypothesis to the scholia on Pindars Nemean Odes. Plato, Republic 2.364e; Philochorus, Fragmenta Historicorum Graecorum (FHG) 1 frag. Oil lamp fragment with the head of Selene, early classical period, Muse de Die. . The talkative Myia would sit with Endymion as he slept his eternal sleep, chattering endlesslyso much so that Endymion eventually woke up. Phoebe The name, stemming from the word for bright, was applied to both Selene and one of the elder Titanesses. In Greek mythology, Selene was the Titan goddess of the moon. [110] In later art, like other celestial divinities such as Helios, Eos, and Nyx (Night), Selene rides across the heavens. The three children have become much more well-known in general Greek literature than their parents, especially after the fall from grace of Hyperion, who stood by his brother Cronus in the latters war against Zeus and was banished to Tartarus for it. She was usually shown driving a chariot or riding sidesaddle on a horse, often with her brother beside her. However, hers might not be a name that is quite as well-known. This article is about the Greek goddess. [93] Aelian states: "They say that the Lion of Nemea fell from the moon", and quotes Epimenides as saying:[94], For I am sprung from fair-tressed Selene the Moon, who in a fearful shudder shook off the savage lion in Nemea, and brought him forth at the bidding of Queen Hera. Selene is a Titan goddess. His rites also brought a form of madness about in his followers, who often celebrated under the light of the moon. (Also, the name of the Titan Goddess Phoebe and an epithet of Artemis.). Selene had a relationship with the god Pan, according to Virgil. [72] A scholiast on Apollonius says that, according to Epimenides, Endymion fell in love with Hera, and Zeus punished him with eternal sleep. Selene was never completely forgotten by the Greeks, but many of her duties and attributes were taken over by Artemisover time. Nonnus, Dionysiaca 12.1ff (who names Helios as the father of the Horae but does not name the mother). The Story of Selene. [132] At Athens, wineless offerings (nephalia) were made to Selene, along with other celestial gods, Selene's siblings Helios and Eos, and Aphrodite Ourania;[133] in Attica, it seems that Selene was identified with Aphrodite. The air, unlit before, glows with the light of her golden crown, and her rays beam clear, whensoever bright Selene having bathed her lovely body in the waters of Ocean, and donned her far-gleaming raiment, and yoked her strong-necked, shining team, drives on her long-maned horses at full speed, at eventime in the mid-month: then her great orbit is full and then her beams shine brightest as she increases. The bull panicked, threw Ampelus and gored him to death. To link to this article in the text of an online publication, please use this URL: https://historycooperative.org/selene-greek-goddess-of-the-moon/. In another story she was loved by Pan. She was also well known for her many affairs with men and her love that possibly . According to Hesiods Theogony, Selene was born of Hyperion and Theia. -Quintus Smyrnaeus, Fall of Troy 10. Selene and Endymion by Sebastiano Ricci (1713). This eventually led to the identification of Selene with Artemis, also associated with fertility and the moon in various ways. Selene was one of the daughters of the Titan gods Hyperion and Theia and the sister of the sun god Helios and the goddess of the dawn Eos. This was the mythological explanation for the movement of the moon across the sky. Multiple sources say that she had a hand in the creation of the Nemean Lion, whether that was only Selene working on her own or in conjunction with Hera. Knowing he would be there whenever she wanted to see him, the goddess no longer worried he would leave or die before she got to see him again. Selene, daughter of the Titans Hyperion and Theia, was the personification of the moon. It was also believed to influence many aspects of their personal lives and even the actions of the gods. Other examples of lunar goddesses and gods are Selenes Roman equivalent Luna, the Mesopotamian Sin, the Egyptian god Khonsu, the Germanic Mani, the Japanese Shinto god Tsukuyomi, the Chinese Change, and the Hindu god Chandra. Nyx is the goddess of the night and is thus associated with the new moon. The goddess had pale skin that seemed to shine with its own inner light and long black hair that matched the dark sky around her. These three lunar goddesses were all important to the Greeks in different ways but it was only Selene who was considered the moon incarnate herself. The other gods, angered, sent him two lions to tear him apart. For other uses, see, Detail of Selene from a Roman sarcophagus, A winged Selene seems to be unique to this. [23] She was, however, the subject of one of the thirty-three Homeric Hymns, which gives the following description: And next, sweet voiced Muses, daughters of Zeus, well-skilled in song, tell of the long-winged[24] Moon. Her presence is felt in something as simple as the names of the days of the week. Her father was the Titan god of heavenly light, while her mother represented the blue color of the sky. Seneca, Madness of Hercules 83; Hyginus, Fabulae 30; Aelian, On Animals 12.7 (citing Epimenides); etc. Often she was shown in a chariot drawn by a team of horses or oxen, but other times there was no chariot, and Selene would instead appear on the back of a horse or mule. Who were Zeus' Lovers? That leaves Artemis and Selene. Along with presiding over dangerous sea creatures, Ceto produced her own set of frightening . There are different versions of this story. Watched over by nymphs and visited often by the goddess, it was marked by glowing moonstones and pure white rock. [31] Mesomedes of Crete calls her (glauk, "silvery grey"). Selene (probably) and Helios adorned the east pediment of the Parthenon, where the two, each driving a four-horsed chariot, framed a scene depicting the birth of Athena, with Helios and his chariot rising from the ocean on the left, and Selene and her chariot descending into the sea on the right. Her Roman equivalent is Luna. [27], In late accounts, Selene (like the moon itself) is often described as having horns. The counterpart to her brother, she traveled by night. Her fifty daughters with Endymion marked the fifty lunar months that passed between celebrations of the Olympiad. [5], Selenes moon chariotsimilar to the sun chariot of her brother Helios and the dawn chariot of her sister Eoswas probably her most distinctive and consistent attribute. These were Eiar, Theros, Cheimon, and Phthinoporon, Spring, Summer, Autumn, and Winter. Her father was the Titan god of heavenly light, while her mother represented the blue color of the sky. As Luna, she had temples at Rome on the Aventine and Palatine hills. She had two siblings, Helios and Eos. 3 (cited in the scholia on Apollonius of Rhodes Argonautica 4.57). My work has also been published on Buzzfeed and most recently in Time magazine. Apollonius of Rhodes, Argonautica 4.54ff; Pausanias, Description of Greece 5.1.4; Apollodorus, Library 1.7.5; cf. [125] An oracular sanctuary existed near Thalamai in Laconia. Kapach, A. [1], Selene was often identified with other goddesses, including Men (also spelled Mene), the divine personification of the lunar month; Bendis, a goddess of Thracian origin; Hecate, a goddess of witchcraft; and (especially in later antiquity) Artemis, the goddess of hunting and wild things. [29] Empedocles, Euripides and Nonnus all describe her as (glaukpis, "bright-eyed", a common epithet of the goddess Athena)[30] while in a fragment from a poem, possibly written by Pamprepius, she is called (kyanpis, "dark-eyed"). [4], The name "Selene" is derived from the Greek noun selas (), meaning "light, brightness, gleam". Selene (Greek mythology) The goddess of the Moon. [116] Pausanias also reports seeing stone images of Helios, and Selene, in the market-place at Elea, with rays projecting from the head of Helios, and horns from the head of Selene. Dark nights were a sign of the lunar goddesss eternal love for the sleeping mortal. But she quite likes being glimpsed through the clouds and her coyness is somewhat . 245 M-W; Pherecydes, FHG 1 frag. [127] Selene (along with Helios, Nyx and others) received an altar at the sanctuary of Demeter at Pergamon, possibly in connection with the Orphic mysteries. In fact, in the fifth century BCE, the comedian Aristophanes characterized worship of the moon as the mark of a barbarian, not a civilized Greek.[33]. ", Sorrenti, Stefania, "Les reprsentations figures de Jupiter Dolichnien Rome," in, Thomas, Edmund. Privacy Policy. According to the Homeric Hymn 32, Selene and Zeus together had a daughter named Pandia. Selene is often eclipsed by the popularity of Artemis as a lunar goddess, but as the personification of the moon itself she had a significant impact on the lives and views of the Greek people. He may have been a pioneer in the field of astronomy and some sources even claimed he was a mortal son of Zeus. [142] In Theocritus' second Idyll, a young girl invokes Selene in a love-spell. The crescent moon, full moon, and dark moon corresponded to the three states of being embodied by the Fates. The lunar goddess was also important for her influence over female fertility cycles and childbirth. Two of the original twelve Titans descended from Uranus and Gaia, Hyperion was the Titan god of heavenly light while Theia was the Titan goddess of vision and the aether. While there were many goddesses associated with the moon and lunar powers, Selene personified the moon and its light. We learn of Selenes family, her parents and siblings and the children that she went on to have, from various different sources and Greek myths. In later times, Selene was often associated with Artemis in the same way that her brother Helios was associated with Artemis brother Apollo. Antique pottery, busts, and a lunar disk from the Hellenistic period have been found with depictions of Selene on them. [63][66], Selene is best known for her affair with the beautiful mortal Endymion. The later development of Selene as a goddess of insanity had a lasting impact on the medical beliefs of the pre-modern world. [146], Her and her brother's worship is also attested in Gytheum, a town in Laconia near Sparta, via an inscription (C.I.G. Selenes role in this war was not only to fight against the giants. The most enduring story of Selene concerns the love she felt for an ordinary human man. Another myth describes how Selene held her own against the monster Typhoeus when he attacked the gods. Same thing happened with Helius and Apollo. She was essentially urban and civilized, the antithesis in many respects of Artemis, goddess of the outdoors. (2022, December 7). Selenes Roman counterpart was called Luna (from the Latin word meaning moon). [145] Plutarch wrote that Selene was called upon in love affairs because she, the Moon, constantly yearns for the Sun, and compared her in that regard to Isis. By the 5th century bc Selene was sometimes identified with Artemis, or Phoebe, the bright one. She was usually represented as a woman with the moon (often in crescent form) on her head and driving a two-horse chariot. She was the Greek goddess of the Moon and her sisters were the Eos and Helios. Selene, like her siblings, was a Titan goddess because of her birth but they were no less important to the Greeks. See esp. There are a few different versions of the myth. This is at times accompanied by stars to depict the night sky, but the crescent moon was perhaps the most recognizable of Selenes symbols. Diodorus of Sicily, Library of History 3.57. Having risen to power in the generation of Zeus, they were universally revered and worshiped. Hurwit, Jeffery M. (2017), "Helios Rising: The Sun, the Moon, and the Sea in the Sculptures of the Parthenon", Jones, Prudence H., "A Goddess Arrives: Nineteenth Century Sources of the New Age Triple Moon Goddess" in. Selene. Mythopedia, December 07, 2022. https://mythopedia.com/topics/selene. Selene was the daughter of the Titans Hyperion and Theia. Selene was represented on the pedestal of the throne of Zeus at Olympia, riding on a horse or a mule; 12 and at Elis there was a statue of her with two horns. Like her brother Helios, the Sun god, who drives his sun chariot across the sky each day, Selene is also said to drive a chariot across the heavens. Athena, also spelled Athene, in Greek religion, the city protectress, goddess of war, handicraft, and practical reason, identified by the Romans with Minerva. In Greek literature, Eos is presented as a daughter of the Titans Hyperion and Theia, the sister of the sun god Helios and the moon goddess Selene. Like every celestial goddess , there was a yin to Selene's yang; In this case, there were two yins. 3/4, 1973, pp. Deciphering the Role of Helios, the Sun God of Greek Mythology. This article was most recently revised and updated by, From Athena to Zeus: Basics of Greek Mythology, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Selene-Greek-and-Roman-mythology, Ancient Origins - Celestial Goddess Selene: The Ancient Greek Goddess of the Moon. 3 Most Important Characters in Greek Mythology, 5 Awesome Greek Mythology Fiction Books for Kids, Aphrodite Facts: Awesome Facts about the Goddess of Love and Beauty. Hymn 31, To Helios, also speaks of the two sisters of Helios where the rich-tressed Selene is once again alluded to. Well, go on, and steel thy heart, wise though thou be, to take up thy burden of pain, fraught with many sighs."[70]. Mason-Dixon Line Selene was written off and Artemis became the goddess of the moon, hunting, and animals. [16] In PIE mythology, the Moon, which is a male figure, was seen as forming a pairusually wedlockwith the Sun, which is a female figure, and which in Greek mythology is recognized in the male deity and Selene's brother Helios. H. G. Evelyn-White. Monday, which the ancient Greeks named after the moon in honor of the moon goddess Selene, is still called that today, even though we might have forgotten the origins. Selene - or Luna as the Romans called her - is the goddess of the moon, driving a horse-drawn chariot across the night sky. , to Helios likes being glimpsed through the clouds and her coyness is.... 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