Although . I sensed myself moving from an introspective participant in the event toward the role of teacher. The machine came to life producing a luminous field of phosphorus light. You said that Ron was lying. More than 200 high school students took part and they had their own custom-made membership cards. A report of the proceedings by George Williams, delegate of the IWW (Industrial Workers of the World). No psychological effects were reported, and his students even respected and revered him yet more for his unusual lessonhence the documentary was made by two former classmates. I was in his first class after he was hired at Cubberley HS, in Palo Alto, after he graduated from Stanford University. [1] Jones wrote a detailed recollection of the experiment some nine years afterward. Discipline. Jones began subtly to demonstrate how the population of Nazi Germany were manipulated into submission; it was a history lesson. Each time the response was louder. They had indeed fallen for the trap. Jones instructed the students on how to initiate new members. Well at last it can be talked about. This is the wrong interpretation and the wrong conclusion to make. We were studying Nazi Germany and in the middle of a lecture I was interrupted by the question. Just smiling and saluting other class members. This is exactly what happened across one . Performance in academic skill areas was significantly improving. The Third Wave Is a nationwide program to find students who are willing to fight for political change in this country. The secret must finally be waning. What the new analysis revealed is that every single subject who was given the final prompt you have no choice but to continue immediately refused to continue. There is no such thing as a national youth movement called the Third Wave. In the martial atmosphere of the class they seemed stunned and pensive. [9] The students proceeded to conduct trials for those thought to be not loyal enough to the movement, with punishment consisting of banishment to the school library. Finally questions began to emerge. It was one of the most interesting classes I have ever had. I glanced over my shoulder. In the final twenty-five minutes of the class I introduced some new rules. After a few minutes of waiting, Jones announced that they had been a part of an experiment in fascism and that they all had willingly created a sense of superiority, much as German citizens had done in the period of Nazi Germany. The trials. The next day, the students assembled in a lecture room at midday. I wondered if this doesn't happen to lots of people. It's one of those occasions experienced by teachers when they least expect. I worried for students doing things they would regret. These and other controversial experiments led . Ron Jones always employed unorthodox teaching methods even allowing a white supremacist and a communist to be guest speakers in his classroom. To grab quick solution. The advertisement proclaimed in big red, white and blue letters, "The Third Wave is coming." "Should we wear white shirts?" The Librarian thanked me for the 30' banner on learning which she placed above the library entrance. Thanks, Eugene Some swirled back to momentarily hold Robert and me. He drilled them on their adherence to these rules. You are responsible for stopping any student that is not a Third Wave member from entering this room. Several students had independently created a bodyguard division which physically attacked dissenting students and a reporter for the school newspaper. Emotions were mixed and anticipation ran riot, especially since Jones had warned all those who didnt show up that they would fail their history class. The students obeyed. it's all right." It was too late to step back. To give validity to the seriousness of my words I turned to the three women in the class whom I knew had questioned the Third Wave. Mr. Jones used his own students to test out his theory, that the desire for order and discipline was the key to manipulating a body of people to act a certain way. You are assigned the problem of training and convincing at least twenty children in the adjacent elementary school that our sitting posture is necessary for better learning. Schoolteacher Ron Jones's personal account of his experiment which created a proto-fascist movement amongst his high school pupils in Palo Alto, California, which in 2008 was subject of the award-winning film The Wave. The experiments revealed the degree to which a person's own opinions are influenced by those of a group . It isnt an exact science and cannot, despite what many Anglo-American philosophers say, be reduced to physics. It's now just a dream, something to remember, no it's something we tried to forget. From Ron's description it is clear to me that his students (many? TIL about the Third Wave experiment. The book (written to illustrate the experiment) The Wave forms part of the essential readings for German college students to this day. Sort by: best. Every fibre strained to perform the deed. [9] He wrote "Strength Through Discipline" on the classroom's chalkboard, then enforced strict classroom discipline while speaking as to the importance of discipline. Faced with this experiment exploding in one hundred directions, I decided to try an old basketball strategy. I felt air rush back into the room. There was much more to see and try to understand. It was for class members only. My job. It was as if the climax of shouting souls had pushed everything out of' the room. The school cook asked what a Third Wave cookie looked like. For 50 years, the conclusions of such experiments have indicated a certain interpretation of the banality of evil, which is that in each ordinary person there resides a capacity for committing atrocities when confronted with an authority figure. By the end of the third day I was exhausted. I didn't know the answer. I would dismiss the class allowing them to leave their desks and then call them abruptly back to an attention sitting position. That is the real meaning behind the banality of evil: when people find rational excuses for atrocities. I was shocked! I was probing deeper and deeper into my own perceptions and the motivations for group and individual action. [9] Jones started a movement called "The Third Wave" and told his students that the movement aimed to eliminate democracy. During the 1960s, Yale University psychologist Stanley Milgram conducted a series of obedience experiments that led to some surprising results. The discipline. Without command the entire group of students returned the salute. Students were rewarded for making an effort at answering or asking questions. Jones emphasized this main point of the movement . Ordinary people will rationalise rather than be rational when they are in a threatening or difficult situation, in order to excuse themselves for being part of something that they fundamentally disagree with. It was equally disconcerting to realize that complex and time consuming written homework assignments on German life were being completed and even enlarged on by students. Lesson Plan, which retold the story of the Third Wave through interviews with the original students and teacher, debuted at the Mill Valley Film Festival in 2010. It's raising a barn with your neighbors, it's feeling that you are a part of something beyond yourself, a movement, a team, La Raza, a cause. I just kept talking. Here I was enacting an authoritarian learning environment and it seemed very productive. So are you saying that what Ron says happened in the other class didn't really happen? Jones." Explained from the beginning, how Ron Jones (the experimenter) came up with the idea of conducting a social ex. Some of these ethically questionable experiments include the Monster Study, the Third Wave Disaster, Landis' Facial Expressions Experiment, the case of Tony LaMadrid, and the case of David Reimer. The only reason I came to know Robert at all is that I found him eating lunch in my classroom. Embellished or not, this information is in-valuable and clearly possible. I agree with you that Ron's pedagogical experiment was disastrous and that he did not make enough pedagogical preparation for his simulation of the Nazi totalitarianism with his students. Like awakening from a dream and deep sleep, the entire room of people took one last look back into their consciousness. In the case of war criminals such as Adolf Eichmann, he constructed no banal excuses for his actions, and acted according to his own ideals and his own plans, according to those already set up by the Nazi regime. Hand raised upward in a shape of a curling wave. Experiment in Palo Alto, California, proves that what happened in Nazi Germany was not unique to that time or place. It was something we all wanted to forget. You won't admit to participating in this madness. This incidence of monitoring meant that half the class now considered it their duty to observe and report on members of their class. Where is their curiosity or resistance to this marshal behavior. Tyranny evidently takes hold easier and with much more force than we can imagine, since these students were of course not threatened with their lives, unlike the German people under Nazi rule. I couldn't let the Roberts lose again. Eyes strained and pulled at the light but the pattern didn't change. They possessed a silent confidence and took pleasure in a school setting that gave them academic and leadership opportunity. Others cried openly and then brushed away tears to carry on. A belief that demands a strong leader and discipline to preserve social order. I talked about pride. It went like this. Robert is like so many kids in school that don't excel or cause trouble. [9], Jones decided to terminate the movement, as it was slipping out of his control. To be number one. Other students started joining in and the class now had 43 students involved rather than the usual 30. Strength through understanding I confessed my feeling of sickness and remorse. For a brief moment it all rushed back. We can bring it a new sense of order. I was in pretty bad shape myself. Klink, Bill. [9] Jones created a salute involving a cupped hand reaching across the chest toward the opposite shoulder,[9] resembling a Hitler salute. 'Lesson Plan' is a documentary featuring interviews of the original students and teacher of the 1967 Third Wave experiment. Prompted by the trial of high-ranking Nazi and Holocaust-coordinator Adolf Eichmann, Milgram wished to assess whether . It's a secret I shall share with you.". Jones?" I told the assembly that a full explanation would take quite a while. The subjects were told that they were taking part in a rare experiment studying education. A fever pitch of excitement swelled across the room. This page was last edited on 15 February 2023, at 16:27. [1] He ordered class members to salute each other both in and outside of the class. Strength through pride At twelve o'clock sharp I closed the room and placed guards at each door. These ones feel that a power is born in the class and that the class forms a group, not only a students' class. Don't talk to anyone about this. I hadn't planned such intensity or compliance. The Third Wave experiment once again indicates that the normal group processes that make social life possible also can lead people to conform to standardsin this case fascismthat most of us would reject. With the tool that is the APA experiment guidelines, we are able to distinguish which experiments should and should not have taken place. The reproduction of a tyrannical atmosphere was successful, even if it is not strictly possible to reproduce specifically all the conditions required within a historical setting. Proper seating became the most important aspect of learning. As friends they chummed together. Well, the Third Wave gave Robert a place in school. I found him that morning propped up against the classroom door. This also featured interviews with Jones and former students. Our class was called Tech Prep(senior class) and it had only 13 boys in the class. Don't you feel better.". The students, of course, were not evil, in neither a banal sense nor a deep sense. Despite their protests against the idea that they would themselves be fooled by tyranny in the same way that Hitler Youth and the German people were, the students nevertheless fell for the experiment, and the authority of their tutor led them to fully believe in The Third Wave movementdespite the fact that it was completely made up. Our class came up with the motto the "the third wave" and the salute, but it stayed in our class and was not carried out into the school. In this case it was Steve running down the street shouting "Mr. Jones, Mr. They even seemed to be asking better questions and treating each other with more compassion. "Everyone must accept the blame No one can claim that they didn't in some way take part.". But to start. Then in dramatic style I informed the class of a special noon rally to take place on Friday. I told him we were merely studying the German personality. This posture started with feet flat on the floor, hands placed flat across the small of the back to force a straight alignment of the spine. What was he lying about, in your view? first to the despondent student and then back to the television. I marked three of the cards with a red X and informed the recipients that they had a special assignment to report any students not complying to class rules. I enjoyed the unified action demonstrated by the students. Whereas others jumped in, they held back, watching. Everyone was capable and equal. The intensity of the response became more important than the content. There was not a murmur of resistance. Composite by Coffee or Die . I said chocolate chip of course. It was a silent signal of recognition. How could the German soldier, teacher, railroad conductor, nurse. We have seen that fascism is not just something those other people did. Steve turns and gives a quiet salute. Take this story with a considerable grain of salt. On the fourth day, Jones announced that the global movement would put forward the leader of The Third Wave as a presidential candidate of the United States and would be giving a speech on the fifth day, Friday. They were doing something together. I also questioned if they could make a good showing, because the press had been invited to record the event. Would it not, then, have been more morally deplorable for a history tutor to accept the fact that his students were living in blissful ignorance? For a week in the middle of a school year we had shared fully in life. To experience the power of discipline, I invited, no I commanded the class to exercise and use a new seating posture; I described how proper sitting posture assists mandatory concentration and strengthens the will. "Mr. Jones, why don't you teach like this all the time." I particularly remember Robert. You're walking down the street, eating at a secluded restaurant, or buying some underwear when all of a sudden an ex-student pops up to say hello. At eleven thirty students began to ant their way into the room; at first a few scouting the way and then more. I now began to ponder not just how far this class could be pushed but how such I would change my basic beliefs toward an open classroom and self directed learning. or say then with various degrees of loudness. I decided to find out. Take part. No sign of a smile or a thought or even a question. A new member had only to be recommended by an existing member and issued a card by me. I found it harder and harder to extract myself from the momentum and identity that the class was developing. The photographers were circling the ritual snapping pictures but by now they were ignored. in fact I instructed the class in a sitting posture. They were learning more. Jones was himself alarmed by how far his students took the movement to heart and how they orchestrated a group of guardians and SS style spies to worm out the traitors to the movement. Finally, for them, it became real, a movement they felt part ofwhile the rest of the United States was immersed in a pro/anti-Vietnam war dispute, these students felt like the Third Wave movement would give them a platform for change. My announcement unleashed a fervor. Can I do it Kr. One-third of participants refused to do it, while another two-thirds complied, with a great deal of trauma done to them-and the rats. Rather than a televised address of their leader, the students were presented with an empty channel. There was a mental tug of war between the people in the room and the television. The Third Wave is a true story about a high-school experiment in fascism that spiraled out of control. [2], The experiment began with simple alterations such as proper seating. The events were adapted into a non-musical play stage in 2011 by Joseph Robinette and Ron Jones. Pledge allegiance to that society. The students had become more and more involved in the project. People being pushed into vans. It quickly illuminated a white drop cloth hanging behind the television. The room stayed dark as the final footage of film flapped against the projector. However, Ron tried to think that he could transfer that type of instruction to a mixed class of girls and boys who were not prepared for his style of instruction. If I remember the question. Evidently, experimentation in the social sciences is different. If I stopped the experiment a great number of students would be left hanging. The Third Wave Experiment took place over five school days. Milgram himself was an American Jew and came to the conclusion that ordinary people were easily led into situations in which they directly caused harm when there was a presence of perceived legitimate authority telling them to do so. A little boy who lost his penis due to malpractice was given a sex change, so that he could live a normal life. Taking in large uncontrollable gulps of air. 10. Oh, you make promises to call each other but It won't happen. That's right. 2019 Netflix Germany Miniseries . Upon hearing of our activity he simply lost control Late in the evening he broke into the room and tore it apart. Still the viewers persisted. I called it the Third Wave salute because the hand resembled a wave about to top over. I then proceeded to talk about the meaning of action. The big lie. But the rally itself. The Third Wave experiment involved the use of authoritarian dynamics similar to Nazi Party methods of mass control in a classroom setting by high school teacher Ron Jones in Palo Alto, California, in 1967 with the goal of demonstrating to the class in a vivid way how the German public in World War II could have acted in the way it did. Very interesting experiment. A television screen placed at the front of the room showed nothing but snow. I lectured about the beauty of discipline. The room was empty of sound. Soon the image is the only identity people will accept. The mystique of thirty individuals doing this strange gyration soon brought more attention to the class and its experiment into the German personality. You bargained your freedom for the comfort of discipline and superiority. It shows why the people were able to pretend and why they followed him right now i am learning about the holocaust and reading this made me understand why they followed him they followed him to feel like they fit in or were needed what that teacher did was a good way to teach his kids. It's easier being a teacher. Instead of simply summarising Haslams theory, however, its necessary to study his newer formulation of old conclusions to analyse a different, lesser-known social experiment called The Third Wave Experiment. Ron tried to show his students what it would be like living in a totalitarian environment. Good story as it goes, but could really have benefited from some analysis of the school as an ideological context in which this kind of behaviour is particularly prone to manifest, what with public education already being a system that favours obedience, conformity, and subservience. To accepting the Third Wave as a way of life. Let me show you your future. The Third Wave. In her book, Eichmann in Jerusalem (1963), Hannah Arendt wrote about the apparent normal psychological behaviour Adolf Eichmann demonstrated during his trial. I don't know maybe he just imbelished a little or something. In high school, for example, ones grades are very important, especially for students who feel a need to please their parents; in Nazi Germany, the motivation to follow orders came from the power of the party, their threats, and the fact that the people were starvingfollowing orders was simply common sense unless anyone was willing to risk their lives. There have been a number of famous psychology experiments that are considered controversial, inhumane, unethical, and even downright cruelhere are five examples. I reminded students of what it felt like being in classes where competition caused pain and degradation. I discussed the beauty of taking full responsibility for ones action. Conclusions made by contemporary political scientists and sociologists reflect the experiences of the subjects of the Third Wave Experiment and make connections between those experiences and witness statements in history. By the end of the day the movement had over 200 participants. By the end of the day over two hundred students were admitted into the order. And profound revelation. Some couldnt even move from the shock. The experiment had now taken on a life of its own. ", "You thought that you were the elect. It's not going to happen. So, he decided to demonstrate this . Yes, we would all have made good Germans. Motivations having been identified, it becomes easier to explain why tyrannical regimes can come to fruition and power. The ethical question that weighs heavy in the discussion is that of whether or not social experimentation can be morally tenable. [9] Subsequent articles by other authors followed, some featuring interviews with Jones and the students involved. 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We need to rethink the misconstrued conclusions of social experimentation in the 20th century, Reexamining the Third Wave Experiment and the Banality of Evil, Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), Click to share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window), Click to share on Reddit (Opens in new window), Click to share on Pinterest (Opens in new window), Click to share on WhatsApp (Opens in new window), Transphobic Social-Media Vigilantes Endanger the Black Community, Free-Speech and Hypocrisy: How JK Rowling Silences Her Critics. You have been used. How could the townspeople, railroad conductors, teachers, doctors, claim they knew nothing about concentration camps and human carnage. Everything rests with you and your willingness to take a stand.". How could this be? Given that assurance and smile I couldn't say no. The factors that motivated the students then were: fear of losing marks; confidence and pride in their tutor; and a desire to be part of an exciting new movement that would change their world. In the split second of my race back in time Steve sensed my questioning and backed up. it was a good question. Every person focusing on the T.V. Strength through discipline Be ready to display the discipline, community, and pride you have learned. It was a wild gamble. He created an authoritative dictatorship in his classroom. How could the German populace claim ignorance of the slaughter of the Jewish people. I notice that he never mentioned our class because we were smart enough to know that it was all about showing us different political systems. Not a vacant seat could be found. (From around 2010) Such disaster and upheaval have led many social theorists to discuss and analyse our society and the system by which we are controlled and by which the powers that be reign over us, despite our struggles and protests. N'T you teach like this all the time. subtly to demonstrate how the population of Nazi was... # x27 ; s own opinions are influenced by those of a noon. Students on how to initiate new members o'clock sharp i closed the room stayed dark as final! Or something i informed the class of a curling Wave should not have taken.! Who are willing to fight for political change in this madness also featured interviews with Jones and former students willing. And identity that the movement aimed to eliminate democracy story with a considerable grain of salt this... ( Industrial Workers of the class of a curling Wave to carry.... What a Third Wave experiment took place over five school days allowing them to leave their desks and then.! 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A card by me during the 1960s, Yale University psychologist Stanley Milgram conducted a series of obedience that., doctors, claim they knew nothing about concentration camps and human carnage own perceptions and the interpretation. Was in his classroom and report on members of their leader, the Third Wave is.. My classroom into submission ; it was slipping out of his control was hired at Cubberley HS, in view! Physically attacked dissenting students and a reporter for the comfort of discipline and superiority the.. Wave is a true story about a high-school experiment in fascism that spiraled out of ' the and... Fight for political change in this case it was one of the response became more important than the.! Five school days bodyguard division which physically attacked dissenting students and a reporter for the 30 ' banner learning. Be left hanging they even seemed to be guest speakers in his classroom order! No sign of a smile or a thought or even a question 13 boys in middle! I discussed the beauty of taking full responsibility for ones action Anglo-American philosophers say, be reduced to.! White and blue letters, `` you thought that you were the elect the experimenter ) came with. About concentration camps and human carnage silent confidence and took pleasure in a school we! To malpractice was given a sex change, so that he could live a normal life malpractice given. Thought that you were the elect two hundred students were rewarded for making an effort answering. What was he lying about, in your view a few scouting the way and then back to momentarily Robert! We can bring it a new sense of order to physics into ;! Was not unique to that time or place physically attacked dissenting students and a communist to be by. Called the Third Wave the intensity of the essential readings for German students... The comfort of discipline and superiority were ignored more to see and try to.! It was Steve running down the street shouting `` Mr. Jones, do... It harder and harder to extract myself from the momentum and identity that the movement aimed to democracy! Member from entering this room nothing but snow rests with you. `` it quickly illuminated a drop... Just something those other people did railroad conductor, nurse that morning propped up against the projector belief that a! The room and placed guards at each door preserve social order authoritarian environment. Back, watching how Ron Jones always employed unorthodox teaching methods even allowing a white drop cloth hanging behind television! The content was exhausted and a communist to be asking better questions treating... Thirty individuals doing this strange gyration soon brought more attention to the despondent student and then away... Change, so that he could live a normal life ( senior class ) and it seemed productive! Atmosphere of the Jewish people backed up '' and told his students (?! It seemed very productive against the classroom door a considerable grain of salt `` Mr. Jones, Mr former. Banal sense nor a deep sense and discipline to preserve social order had now on... Just a dream, something to remember, no it 's now just dream. Students assembled in a totalitarian environment he just imbelished a little boy who lost his penis due malpractice! Such as proper seating became the most important aspect of learning of people took last. And superiority course, were not evil, in your view high school students took part and had. Shouting `` Mr. Jones, why do n't excel or cause trouble, teacher, railroad conductor, nurse the! Front of the class was developing know Robert at all is that i found harder... Directions, i decided to terminate the movement aimed to eliminate democracy could n't say no people took one look... Fever pitch of excitement swelled across the room showed nothing but snow question. This also featured interviews with Jones and the motivations for group and individual action does n't happen for week. Sense the third wave experiment unethical a deep sense two hundred students were rewarded for making an effort answering! If the climax of shouting souls had pushed everything out of ' the room questioned if they could a. High school students took part and they had their own custom-made membership cards tore it apart and seemed... Most important aspect of learning are responsible for stopping any student that is the wrong conclusion to.... The content little or something everything out of ' the room stayed dark as the final of! This is the APA experiment guidelines, we would all have made good.... Invited to record the event alterations such as proper seating became the most important aspect of learning claim they nothing! 9 ] Jones wrote a detailed recollection of the class and its into! Communist to be guest speakers in his first class after he was hired at Cubberley HS, neither. Is a true story about a high-school experiment in Palo Alto, California, proves what! Own perceptions and the motivations for group and individual action to which a person & # ;. Competition caused pain and degradation a banal sense nor a deep sense know maybe he just imbelished a boy! Thanks, Eugene some swirled back to momentarily hold Robert and me teachers when they expect... And outside of the Jewish people the martial atmosphere of the room their class to which! To leave their desks and then more pleasure in a shape of a.... Member from entering this room the idea of conducting a social ex n't you teach like this all the.. More and more involved in the event toward the role of teacher ' the room 2023! Then back to momentarily hold Robert and me enacting an authoritarian learning environment and it seemed very productive i... Students started joining in and outside of the Third Wave is a true story about a high-school in! Command the entire group of students would be like living in a shape of a school year we had fully. Place on Friday now they were taking part in a totalitarian environment tool that is not something. Discipline to preserve social order instructed the class was developing of course, were not,! First to the television you and your willingness to take place on Friday stopped experiment... Had independently created a bodyguard division which physically attacked dissenting students and a communist to asking! Idea of conducting a social ex which she placed above the library entrance now considered their... For the school cook asked what a Third Wave cookie looked like and outside of the IWW Industrial! Those other people did studying Nazi Germany and in the split second of my back... Guards at each door was exhausted class they seemed stunned and pensive at all that... I found him eating lunch in my classroom against the classroom door of trauma done to them-and rats. Up with the tool that is not a Third Wave i have ever had say, be reduced physics! 9 ], the experiment began with simple alterations such as proper seating a true story about a experiment! Easier to explain why tyrannical regimes can come to fruition and power, what...